About & disclaimer

What this site is

An evidence-first hub for solar physics and space weather. It covers mainstream, cutting-edge and non-mainstream ideas fairly: we state each claim in its strongest form, list the evidence for and against, link the primary sources and give a status label.

How status labels work

• Mainstream Supported by multiple independent lines of evidence and the clear majority of the peer-reviewed literature.
• Contested Credible, published evidence on more than one side, or an open question under active research.
• Leading Edge Ideas at the leading edge of science: proposed or debated, but not yet backed by replicated, peer-reviewed quantitative evidence, or currently in tension with that evidence. Leading Edge does not mean "proven true" or "proven false". It means "not established yet". Mainstream does not mean "proven true" either.

Labels reflect the published evidence on the date shown and are revised as new evidence appears. Labels describe claims, not people. We do not label or judge researchers, authors or organisations.

Not for safety or operational decisions

The live data shown here is a convenience copy of public feeds and may be delayed, incomplete or wrong. Do not use this site for decisions about aviation, power grids, satellites, radio communications, navigation, travel safety or anything else where errors could cause harm. For official space weather forecasts, watches, warnings and alerts, use the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center or your national space weather service.

Not professional advice

Everything here is general educational information. It is not scientific consulting or engineering, legal, medical, financial or any other professional advice. Always read the primary sources.

Corrections

If we have misstated a claim, a source or the evidence, email [email protected] and we will review it, record the correction and update the page.

Affiliate disclosure

Solar Evidence earns money from some affiliate links. We are a member of the Viator affiliate programme (Viator is a Tripadvisor company) and the GetYourGuide partner programme. Some of our aurora guides link to guided aurora tours listed on Viator and GetYourGuide. If you book through one of those links, we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Every affiliate link carries a clear disclosure right next to it, not only on this page, in line with the U.S. Federal Trade Commission's endorsement guides, and is marked rel="sponsored". We don't run, inspect or vet the tours we link to. Affiliate relationships never influence status labels, evidence ratings or which sources we cite. If we join other programmes (for example for books or viewing gear), we will name them here.

Solar-viewing safety: never look at the Sun, directly or through optics, without filters certified for solar viewing.

Data credits

Full list on the credits page. See also our terms of use and copyright policy.

NOAA SWPC data are produced by the U.S. government. NASA CCMC DONKI event data courtesy of the Community Coordinated Modeling Center. Paper metadata verified via Crossref and DOI resolvers.